帕金斯柴油發動機交流充電發電機維修技術資料

Alternator
交流發電機
The three phase (star connected) alternator is of the
三相（星形連接）交流發電機的
rotating field and stationary armature (stator) type (A).
旋轉磁場和固定電樞（定子）類型（一）。
The rectifier consists of six silicon diodes. These are
整流器由六個硅二極管組成。這些都是
retained by the two heat sinks in the assembly of the
由兩個散熱片保留在組裝
rectifier, which is in the housing at the slip ring end.
整流器，這是在外殼的滑動環結束。
Excitation of the field is done by three auxiliary diodes
勵磁的領域是由三個輔助二極管
which are assembled in the centre of the rectifier.
這是在整流器中心組裝。
The output is controlled by an integral regulator and
輸出是由一個積分調節器和控制
the maximum rated output (hot) is 32 amps at 28
最大額定輸出（熱）是32安培在28
volts. A diagram of connections for a suitable
伏。一個合適的連接圖
dynamic test rig is shown (B).
動態試驗臺（乙）。

Starter motor

The heavy-duty starter motor is flange mounted and

is operated by a 24 volt electrical supply.  A solenoid

type of start switch is fitted on the outside of the

starter motor (C).  The plunger of the switch also

actuates, by the use of a screw link and a shift lever,

the assemblies of the armature and the pinion.  The

assembly of the pinion includes a device to ensure its

engagement, a clutc h to ensure that the motor is not

overloaded, and a device for free rotation in one

Operation of the start button energises two windings

around the plunger of the solenoid. One winding pulls

the plunger which causes the shift lever to move the

pinion of the starter motor into mesh with the s tarter

ring.  The other winding holds the plunger to ensure

that the pinion remains in mesh.  If the teeth of the

pinion do not engage immediately, the pinion moves

backward against its spring and there is a small

amount of rotation until the engagement occurs. The

start switch operates when the pinion is engaged.

The electrical current then flows directly from the

battery to the starter motor.  This circuit is parallel to

the circuit through the winding which pulls the

plunger, and the flow of current through the winding is

stopped.  The winding which holds the plunger

continues to be energised until the start button is

A device for free rotation in one direction is included

in the assembly of the pinion to prevent damage to the

armature, the teeth of the pinion and the teeth of the

starter ring when the engine starts. When the start

button is released, a spring withdraws the pinion

along the splined shaft of the armature to its original

position.

Warning/engine stop switches

Two switches are included in the cooling system and

the lubrication sy stem.  They give protection to the

engine if the coolant temperature or the oil pressure

exceed the permissible limits.  Certain engines have

an extra switch whic h gives protection to the engine if

the coolant level is below a certain limit.

The switches operate, according to the circuits for

specific applications, if there is an increase in the

temperature of the coolant or if there is a decrease in

the pressure of the engine lubricating oil.

The switches are set at the factory to operate within a

selected range of temperatures and pres sures. Do

not try to alter the settings. No maintenance is

necessary for the switches except to check at

intervals for their correct operation.

 

Stop solenoid

The stop solenoid, which is generally for an ’energise

to run’ system, is fitted on the inner wall of the

induction manifold of ’A’ bank.  The stop solenoid is

connected by a spherical coupling (A2), through a bell

crank lever (A3) and linkage, to the stop control lever

(A4) on the governor.

When the stop solenoid is energised, the two circuits

in the windings of the solenoid actuate a plunger

which moves the lever of the stop control to the ’RUN’

position.  One winding pulls the plunger in the

direction of the arrow until the internal switch contacts

(A1) are separated. The circuit through the winding is

then broken but the other winding remains energised,

with low consumption, to hold the plunger and keep

the lever for the stop control in the ’RUN’ position.  

When the winding is de-energised, a spring returns

the plunger to its normal position and the lever of the

stop control to the ’STOP’ position. This oc curs when

the ’STOP’ button is pressed, when an engine

protection device breaks the circuit, or when there is

an electrical failure.

The system needs an accurate adjustment of the

linkage between the stop solenoid and the lever of the

stop control.  An incorrect adjustment can c ause

damage to the fuel injection pump, or may burn the

windings which pull the plunger.

Alternator

To remove and to fit

 

It is not advisable to attempt repairs to the alternator.

This work requires specialist equipment and

knowledge.  If alternator failure occurs, operators are

advised to take advantage of the Perkins service

exchange scheme.

To remove

1  Disconnect the battery.

A

59

2 For engines which are remotely cooled, remove the

alternator guard.

3  Disconnect the c ables at the alternator.

4 Loosen the pivot bolt (A1), the adjustment link bolt

(A2) and the bolt which holds the adjustment link to

the front mounting (A3). Remove the drive belt(s)

(A4).

5 Hold the alternator, remove the adjustment link  and

the pivot bolt and lift away the alternator from the

engine.

To fit

1  Hold the adjus tment link for the alternator belt

against the front face of the front mounting of the

engine.  Retain it loosely with its bolt, its nut and its

spring washer.

2  Hold the alternator between the support bracket

and the assembly of the tensioner pulley.  Insert

loosely the pivot bolt, with a spring washer under its

head, through the bracket and the alternator and into

the threaded hole in the backplate of the pulley

assembly. Fit the bolt for the adjustment, with a plain

washer under its head, through the slot in the

adjustment link and through the lug of the alternator.

Fit loosely a plain washer, a spring washer and a nut

to the bolt.

3  Fit the drive belt(s) of the alternator around the

pulleys of the crankshaft and the alternator. Move the

alternator on the pivot bolt to tighten the belt(s). Refer

to section 4 of the User’s Handbook  TSD 3138  for

details of how to adjust the tension of the alternator

belts.  When the tension is correct, tighten securely

the two nuts on the bolts of the adjustment link and,

also, the pivot bolt of the alternator.

4  Connect the cables at the alternator.

5  For engines which are remotely cooled, fit the

alternator guard.

6  Connect the battery.

To dismantle and to assemble
拆卸和組裝
To assemble
組裝
1 Fit the spacer (A10) on the rotor shaft, with the large
1安裝墊片（A10）在轉子軸上，與大
diameter next to the rotor. Press the housing of the
轉子的直徑。按住房的
drive end and its bearing on to the rotor shaft. Apply
驅動端及其軸承在轉子軸上。應用
pressure only to the inner race.
壓力只有內在的比賽。
Before the alternator is dismantled, mark all housings
在交流發電機被拆除之前，所有的外殼都有
to ensure that their correct relationship is obtained
確保他們的正確關系得到
during assembly. For these operations, refer to the
在裝配過程中。對于這些操作，指
illustration (A) on page 219.
插圖（219頁）。
1 Release the nut (A13) of the fan, remove the
1松開螺母（A13）的風扇，拆下
washer, the fan (A14) and the pulley. Remove the
洗衣機，風扇（14）和滑輪。拆下
’Woodruff’ key (A12) from the shaft and withdraw the
“半圓鍵（A12）從軸上取
spacer.
間隔。
2 Remove the suppression capacitor (A6) from the
2去除抑制電容器（A6）從
main output terminals, release the three screws and
主要輸出端子，松開三個螺釘并
lift away the end cover (A7).
解除了端蓋（A7）。
3 Remove the two screws and the ’Belleville’ washers
3取下兩個螺釘和墊圈的碟形的
which retain the regulator (A2), and disconnect the
保持器（A2），并斷開
’Luc ar’ terminals - two on the holder of the carbon
盧克AR的終端-兩對碳架
brushes (A3) and one on the negative rectifier (A8).
刷子（A3）和一個負整流（A8）。
4 Disconnect the remaining ’Lucar’ terminal from the
4斷開其余的盧卡的終端從
holder of the carbon brushes and lift away the
碳刷的持有人，并解除了
assembly of the holder.
持有人大會。
5 Remove the four sc rews (A15) and the square nuts
5刪除四、螺絲釘（A15）和方形螺母
(A16) which are inserted in the housing of the drive
（A16），插入驅動住房
end.
結束。
6 Remove the long bolts (A1) and separate the
6去除長螺栓（A1）和分離
assembly of the rotor and the housing of the drive end
轉子和驅動端的殼體的裝配
from the assembly of the stator and the housing of the
從裝配的定子和外殼的
slip ring end.
滑動環端。
7 Remove the three screws from the plate which
7從板中取出三顆螺絲
retains the bearing in the housing of the drive end
保留軸承在外殼的驅動端
(A17). Press out, or use a puller to remove, the
（A17）。壓出，或用拉具拆卸，該
assembly of the rotor (A9) and the bearing (A18).
轉子的裝配（A9）和軸承（A18）。
8 Unsolder the three wires of the stator (A11) from the
8如果三線的定子（A11）從
assembly of the rectifier. Separate the stator from the
整流器組件。從定子中分離
housing of the slip ring end (A4).
滑環的端蓋（A4）。
2 Fit a new ’O’ ring (A5) to the hous ing at the slip ring
2安裝新的O型圈（A5）在滑環的住宅
end.
結束。
3 Inspect the insulation sleeves and renew them if
3檢查絕緣套管，并將其更新
necessary. Fit the assembly of the stator to the
必要的。將定子裝配到
housing of the slip ring end. Ensure that the bolt
滑動環端殼體。確保螺栓
holes, and the marks which indicate the correct
孔，并指出正確的標志
relationship of the housings, are aligned correctly.
外殼的關系，正確對齊。
4 Fit carefully the assembly of the rotor and the
4小心裝配轉子和轉子
housing of the drive end into the assembly of the
驅動端的外殼進入裝配的
stator and the housing of the slip ring end. Ensure
定子和殼體的滑動環結束。確保
that the bolt holes, and the marks which indicate the
螺栓孔，并標明了
correct relationship of the housings, are aligned
正確的關系的外殼，對齊
correctly.
正確。
5 Before the four long bolts are fitted, put a ’Belleville’
5前四個長螺栓安裝，把一個“碟”
washer under each head. Tighten evenly the bolts to
每個頭下的洗衣機。將螺栓均勻擰緊
the correct torque of 4.9 Nm (44.0 lbf in).
4.9 nm的正確的扭矩（44磅）。
6 Fit the assembly of the holder for the carbon
6安裝碳源的支架
brushes, fit the screws and the ’Belleville’ washers
刷，安裝螺絲和“碟形的墊圈
and tighten to 1.69 Nm (15.0 lbf in). Ensure that the
擰緊到1.69 nm（15磅）。確保
carbon brushes move freely in their holders.
碳刷自由移動在其持有人。
7 Connect the D+ and the F- cables to the Lucar
7將D和F -電纜盧卡
terminals as shown (A). Ensure that both of the
如圖所示（一）。確保兩者的
cables are retained under the internal lugs in the
電纜被保留在內部耳
casting.
鑄造。
8 Use two screws and the ’Belleville’ washers to fit the
8用兩個螺釘和墊圈的碟形的配合
regulator after the connections are made. Tighten
連接后的調節器。擰緊
evenly the screws to 1.69 Nm (15.0 lbf in).
均勻的螺絲1.69 nm（15磅）。
9 Bend the negative tags of the diodes down toward
9把二極管的負標記向下彎曲
the heat sink. Bend down each wire of the stator and
散熱片。每根導線的彎曲
solder it to its tag, together with the wire of the
把它焊在標簽上，連同電線
auxiliary diode. Solder the bottom face of each
輔助二極管。焊底面
positive tag, bend the tags around the wires of the
積極的標簽，彎曲的電線上的標簽
stator and solder the connections.
定子和焊連接。
10 Fit the end cover and tighten the three screws to
10安裝端蓋并擰緊三個螺釘
1.69 Nm (15.0 lbf in).
1.69 nm（15磅）。
11 Fit the suppression capacitor.
11配合的抑制電容。

To clean
清潔
1 All components should be cleaned thoroughly
1所有部件應徹底清洗干凈
before they are inspected.
在他們被檢查之前。
2 Remove all dirt and carbon from the components by
2去除所有的污垢和碳的組成部分
the careful use of compressed air and clean the stator
小心使用壓縮空氣和清潔定子
by the use of a cloth which is damp with white spirits.
用一種潮濕的布，白色的精靈。
To ins pect and to correct the rotor 23-4
INS PECT和糾正轉子測量
1 Check the threads, the keyway s and the bearing
1檢查螺紋、鍵槽、軸承
surfaces for damage.
損壞的表面。
2 Use a 110 volt 15 watt test lamp to test the
2使用一個110伏15瓦的測試燈來測試
insulation between the slip rings and the windings of
之間的滑動環和繞組的絕緣
the rotor, and the body of the rotor.
轉子和轉子的身體。
3 Use an ohmmeter to check the resistance of the
3用歐姆表檢查的阻力
windings of the rotor. The resistance should be 14
轉子繞組。電阻應為14
ohms ± 0.2 ohm at an ambient temperature of 20°C
±歐姆0.2歐姆在20°C環境溫度
(68°F).
（68°）。
4 Check that the slip rings are concentric and are not
4檢查滑環是否同心，不
worn or damaged. If necessary, check the tightness
磨損或損壞。如有必要，檢查密封性
of the screw which retains the slip rings and use a
的螺絲，保留的滑動環和使用
lathe to remove only the minimum material from the
車床，以除去的最小材料從
rings. The minimum diameter is 24.69 mm (0.972 in).
環。最小直徑為24.69毫米（0.972英寸）。
If the slip rings are badly worn or damaged they
如果滑環磨損嚴重或損壞
should be renewed as follows:
應更新如下：
5 Unsolder carefully the wires of the windings from
5如果仔細的繞組線
the pegs of the slip rings.
該滑環銷釘。
6 Remov e the screw which retains the slip rings.
6移除螺絲保留滑環。
7 Withdraw the assembly of the slip rings from the
7撤回從中的滑動環的裝配
shaft.
軸。
8 Align the wires from the windings of the rotor with
8將導線從轉子的繞組中對齊
the slots in the assembly of the new slip rings.
新的滑環裝配中的槽。
9 Press the assembly of the new slip rings onto the
9將新的滑動環裝配到
shaft.
軸。
10 Fit the screw and the washer to retain the s lip
10安裝螺絲和墊圈以保持嘴唇
rings. Tighten the screw to 2.3 Nm (20 lbf in).
環。擰緊螺釘2.3 nm（20磅）。
11 Wrap each wire from the windings of the rotor
11每根導線從轉子繞組
approximately three turns around the relevant peg of
約三轉的相關的掛鉤
the slip rings and solder the connections.
滑動環和焊料連接。
12 Remove the surplus lengths of the pegs and
12拆下釘的剩余長度
remove all excessive solder so that the shape of the
除去所有過量的焊料，使其形狀
pins and the wire can be seen.
引腳和電線可以看到。

To remove and to fit the rectifier

To test the main diodes with an ohmmeter or

1  Unsolder the D+ wire from the terminal of the

auxiliary diodes.

Caution: Do not try to turn the round section of the

negative terminal because it is retained by splines in

the negative rectifier.

2  Release the small nut, and remove the two spring

washers and the insulation bush from the inner side of

the housing.

3 From the outside of the housing, release the small

nut, and remove the ’Belleville’ washer and the ’Lucar’

terminal from the negative rectifier.

4  Remove the rectifier and ensure that the two

insulation washers are not lost, remove the square

headed bolt and the other insulation bush.

1  Insert an insulation bush and the square headed

bolt in the inner side of the housing. Fit the insulation

washer to the bolt on the outside of the housing.

2 Fit the insulation washer to the negative terminal on

the rectifier and insert the rectifier into the housing.

3  Fit the ’Lucar’ terminal, the ’Belleville’ washer and

the nut to the square headed bolt to retain the rectifier.

4  Fit correctly the insulation bush onto the negative

terminal on the inner side of the housing, fit the two

spring washers and the nut and tighten to 3.11 Nm

(26.5 lbf in).

5 Tighten the nuts which retain the rectifier to 2.0 Nm

(17 lbf in).  Ensure that the ’Lucar’ terminal has

suitable clearance from the terminal of the auxiliary

diodes when the wires are fitted.

6 Solder the D+ lead onto the terminal of the auxiliary

Single diodes cannot be renewed.  If a diode is found

to be faulty, the complete rectifier assembly must be

renewed. The diodes can be tested easily by the use

of an ohmmeter or by a 12 or 24 volt DC electrical

supply and a test lamp of low watts.

By the use of an ohmmeter

1  Connect one probe to the body of the rectifier and

the other probe to the connections of the three diodes

in sequence and check the resistances.

2  Check again with transposed probes to obtain a

reverse current.

3 These checks should show a low resistance in one

direction, and a very  high resistance in the other

direction.

4  A low resistance in both directions indicates an

unserviceable diode.

5  A high resistance in both directions indicates that

there is no continuity in the circuit of the rectifier.

By the use of a test lamp

1  The test lamp should illuminate only in one

direction.

2 If the lamp illuminates  in both directions, the diode

is unserv iceable.

3  If the lamp does not illuminate in either direction,

there is no continuity in the circuit of the rectifier.

 

To test the auxiliary diodes

23-7

To check and to renew the

carbon brushes

23-9

To remove and to fit the

Check the auxiliary diodes by the use of the same

equipment and method as for the main diodes,

operation 23-6.

1  Put one probe on the terminal (at the point where

the D+ cable is soldered), and the other probe on

each of the three connections of the main diodes in

sequence.  Transpose the probes to finish the check.

D+ and F- wires   Caution: Do not try to turn the screws at the inner

side of the housing.

1  Remove the nut, the ’Belleville’ washer, the ’Lucar’

terminal and the guard of the terminal from the

outside of the housing.  Remove the screws, the

terminal, and the insulator of the terminal from the

inner side of the housing.

2  Check the continuity and insulation of the D+ and

F- wires.

3  At the inner side of the housing fit the insulator for

the terminal.  Ensure that the extension is toward the

bearing.  Fit the terminal of the wire with the

connections toward the bearing and the openings

upward. Insert, correctly and fully, the square headed

section of the screw into the insulator.

4 From the outside of the housing, fit the guard of the

terminal, the ’Lucar’ terminal, the ’Belleville’ washer

and the nut.  Tighten the nut to 3.11 Nm (26.5 lbf in).

To ins pect the stator and

To check

1 Check the holder of the carbon brushes for signs of

damage and especially for cracks.

2 Chec k the carbon brushes for damage and ensure

that they are suitable for use.  The minimum possible

protrusion of the carbon brushes from the holder must

be 10.0 mm (0.394 in).

To renew

1  Unsolder the wires of the carbon brushes from the

terminals and withdraw the carbon brushes from the

holder.  Keep the insulation sleeves if they are

suitable for further use.

2  Fit the sleeves to the wires of the new carbon

brushes and insert them through the centre of the

spring and through the s mall hole.

3 Pull the wire of the carbon brush until the maximum

projection of the carbon brush is 15.0 mm (0.590 in).

Wrap the wire one complete turn around the terminal

and solder the connection. Remove all s urplus wire.

the housing                             23-10

1  Check the windings of the stator for burned or

broken wires, and for damage to the insulation.

2  Use a 110 volt 15 watt test lamp to test the

insulation between the body of the stator and each of

the three wires in turn.

3 Check the resistance between two wires and check

all of the wires in sequence.  Resistance across two

phases should be 0.485 ohms.

To inspect the bearings

The bearings are sealed for life and do not need a

service.

Caution: Original bearings should be checked for

wear or roughness when they are operated.  The

bearing at the drive end has integral seals which

should be checked for damage or distortion.  If the

condition of the original bearings is in doubt, new

bearings should be fitted.

To renew the bearing at the

slip ring end

To renew the bearing at the

1  Remove the assembly of the slip rings, operation

23-4 paragraphs 5 to 7.

2  Remove the deflector type washer.

3  Press, or use a puller to remove, the bearing from

the rotor s haft.  Remove the spacer and the thin

washer.

4 Check the wires and return them to the grooves. Fit

the thin washer and the spacer.

5  Press the new bearing onto the shaft.  Apply

pressure only  to the inner race.

6 Fit the deflector type washer and fit the assembly of

the slip rings on the rotor shaft, operation 23-4

paragraphs 8 to 12.

drive end                      

or use a puller to remove, the bearing from

the rotor shaft.  Ensure that the spacer is not lost and

make a note that the tapered side is toward the

bearing.

2 Press the new bearing into the housing of the drive

end.  Apply pressure only to the outer race.

3 Fit the plate which retains the bearing. Use ’Loctite

242’ on the threads of the screws and tighten the

three screws to 1.69 Nm (15.0 lbf in).